Throughout the years we have heard about the ISMs when talking politics.
Capitalism, Socialism, Communism et. etc. etc.

If you had a political system based on science, with scientists planning politics, roads, military and other policies in a kind of analytical kind of way, what would it be called? and does this already have a name?

Are there any historical instances of systems like this being tried in the past?

Any help would be greatly appreciated.